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Solar panel / which end is pos/neg?

Solar Scott

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Nov 10, 2023
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Misssouri
When running the PV line, which plug is positive to be red, and which plug is negative to be black? Does it matter?
One mc4 plug would described as female, the other would be a male. Premade PV cables (one red and one black) also have both ends on them.
Silly question I realize, but there is nothing designating pos/neg on the solar panel.
 
red is positive and the MALE MC4 connection is positive, viewing from the panel point of view

also get a good multi-meter, you are going to need one anyway

Will Prowse has a web page on his recommended tools including various multimeters
 
The best way is to use a dmm it will tell you which is pos and neg just put the panels in the sun and take a reading this is best way especially when working with used panels due to the unknown history things can get modified
 
The best way is to use a dmm it will tell you which is pos and neg just put the panels in the sun and take a reading this is best way especially when working with used panels due to the unknown history things can get modified
yes the meter is the best way, especially on used panels. thanks, rodrick
 
red is positive and the MALE MC4 connection is positive, viewing from the panel point of view

also get a good multi-meter, you are going to need one anyway

Will Prowse has a web page on his recommended tools including various multimeters
I installed (10) 400 watt panels in a single string on my south facing rooftop. Will only one end have voltage? To an earth ground?
 
I installed (10) 400 watt panels in a single string on my south facing rooftop. Will only one end have voltage? To an earth ground?

the voltage will be between the POS end and NEG end (BTW be very careful with 400 volts DC - use PPE,)

if there is voltage on the frames or mount, it is not grounded

ground is only connected to the frames and mounts the panels are on.
 
Thank you Dougbert. I will connect the frames/mounts to the existing earth ground by my meter on the end of the house with matching bare copper wire to ground frames. That will serve as (neg) for my dmm to identify the positive terminal of the PV string.
Correct?
 
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Thank you Dougbert. I will connect the frames/mounts to the existing earth ground by my meter on the end of the house with matching bare copper wire to ground frames. That will serve as (neg) for my dmm to identify the possible terminal of the PV string.
Correct?
ah, no

the ground is in case of leaky panels. DC Current flows between NEG and POS.

only in case of a short (FAULT) does current flow on the ground.

Most solar systems do NOT have NEG as a GROUND, as in a car where NEG is GROUND to car frame

different animals
 
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Have you figured the total voc adjusted for temperature of your array. You have to watch the voltage going to your mppt you might want to give us some more details on your system
 
If your panels are used, it may be a good idea to carefully inspect the MC4 connectors or just replace them altogether. YOU can purchase an MC4 crimper on bezos for under $30 that works just fine. As for the connectors, the original are now made by Staubli. These are good quality. The pins, plastic and the o-rings that prevent water intrusion are good quality as well as the tabs that lock the male and female together. I have also used Renology and they were also satisfactory. I have used the generic el cheapos available online and if you get lucky, great, but you may not. Also, with the el cheapos, they may not make a good connection if not a matched pair.

Remember to buy at least 2 of the plastic MC4 spanner wrenches to connect and disconnect them and screw and unscrew them.

Whenever I connect MC4 together, I apply a dab of dielectric grease to the male and female. This helps reduce corrosion, allows for taking apart in the future and blocks water. Its good practice to do this.

NEVER WORK ON THE PANELS IN THE DAYTIME WITHOUT A METER TO MAKE 100% CERTAIN WHAT IS HOT AND WHAT IS NOT.

IF YOU ARE INEXPERIENCED, WORK AT NIGHT WITH A FLASHLIGHT OR LAMP. if you are making connections outside and are inexperienced, make some test connections on a piece of wire indoors first to practice with the tools and test your connections with a meter for continuity.
 
Also, I noticed a picture of the earth ground (presumably the GEC). Don't mess with those, it often requires special splices to maintain code compliance. I would presumptively pick the EGC of the home AC system, and then as needed avoid double N-G bonding issues in other places. Even if you tapped the GEC directly you'll still run into problems if you have multiple N-G bonds.
 
Have you figured the total voc adjusted for temperature of your array. You have to watch the voltage going to your mppt you might want to give us some more details on your system
Purchased EG4 6000XP, (split phase), (10) new 400W Canadian Solar panels and an EG4 100amp battery. LL-S. 6000XP takes 480v max, 4000 watts per mppt. Panels are 37.1 amps each, living in Missouri. So far, I have mounted my panels to the roof, and hung my inverter next to my main panel. Just getting started, and enjoying the learning process. I will proceed with cation.
 
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